A. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and with applicable rules and regulations. Pursuant to such rules and regulations, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) have been condensed or omitted. In management’s opinion, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows have been included and are of a normal, recurring nature. The results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or for any future periods.

You should read the financial statements and these notes, which notes are an integral part of the financial statements, together with our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended  June 30, 2024 (“2024 Annual Report”). The accounting policies used to prepare the financial statements included in this Report are the same policies described in the notes to the consolidated financial statements in our 2024 Annual Report unless otherwise noted below.

B. Inventories, net

Inventories, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

C. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

Depreciation and amortization expense was approximately $1.1 million during the three months ended  September 30, 2024 and  September 30, 2023.

D. Other Comprehensive Loss

Other comprehensive loss (“OCL” and “OCI”) consisted of the following during the three months ended September 30, 2024, and September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

E. Leases

We currently lease our Vista, California and Lugano, Switzerland product manufacturing and support facilities.

On July 18, 2023, we entered into a Fourth Amendment to the Lease of our Vista, California manufacturing facility. The Fourth Amendment extends the term of the Lease by an additional ten years and five months commencing April 1, 2024. The amended lease covering two buildings and approximately 162,000 square feet will result in an increase in base rent to $1.50 per square foot, after five free months of base rent beginning at the commencement of the extended term. NAI intends to construct substantial improvements to the facilities including but not limited to installation of an approximately $2.3 million solar electrical generating system on both buildings, and other substantial improvements. Pursuant to the Fourth Amendment, the Landlord will reimburse NAI for up to $1.1 million of these tenant improvements to the buildings. Our lease liability and Right of Use asset were both increased by approximately $25.9 million as a result of this lease extension effective on the date that the Fourth Amendment was executed.

On January 26, 2024, we exercised the early termination of an apartment lease in Lugano, Switzerland.  The early termination reduced the lease term by 9 years and 8 months thus ending on April 30, 2024. Our lease liability and Right of Use asset were both decreased by approximately $0.3 million as a result of the early termination of the early termination of the lease agreement.  On January 22, 2024, we entered into a lease for a new apartment in Lugano, Switzerland. This lease is for an initial term of 27 months, beginning April 1, 2024 and ending on June 30, 2026.

Our leases are classified as operating leases. Substantially all our operating leases are comprised of payments for the use of manufacturing and office space. We have no leases classified as finance leases. As of September 30, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term for our operating leases was 9.3 years and the weighted average discount rate for our operating leases was 5.92%. As of June 30, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term for our operating leases was 9.5 years and the weighted average discount rate was 5.92%.

Other information related to leases as of September 30, 2024, and September 30, 2023, was as follows (in thousands):

F. Debt

On May 24, 2021, we entered into a renewed credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A (“Wells Fargo”) to extend the maturity for our working line of credit from November 1, 2022, to May 24, 2024. That credit facility provided total lending capacity of up to $20.0 million and allowed us to use the credit facility for working capital as well as potential acquisitions. On August 18, 2021, we entered into an amendment of that credit facility with Wells Fargo. The amended credit facility added a $10.0 million term loan to the existing $20.0 million credit facility and permitted us to use the $10.0 million term loan as part of the $17.5 million purchase consideration for the acquisition of our manufacturing and warehouse property in Carlsbad, California. The amended credit agreement also increased the allowed capital expenditures from $10.0 million to $15.0 million for fiscal 2022 (exclusive of the amount paid for the acquisition of the new Carlsbad property noted above). In addition, the revised credit notes reflected a change in the interest rate reference from London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). The Credit Agreement was amended and a new Revolving Line of Credit Note and Security Agreement were entered into. A Term Note and real property security documents were added to secure the Term Note by the Carlsbad property.

Subsequently we entered into a Second and Third Amendment that changed certain limits on our use of the line of credit.

On December 31, 2023, we were not in compliance with certain financial covenants, including those related to net income requirements and the fixed charge coverage ratio. On  February 13, 2024, we entered into a Fourth Amendment to our credit facility with Wells Fargo that waived all prior instances of non-compliance, decreased our total borrowing capacity on the line of credit to $12.5 million, increased the interest rate on borrowings under the line of credit to 2.25% from 1.29% above the daily simple SOFR rate, modified our continuing compliance requirements, and reduced the uses we can fund with the line of credit. Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, our new borrowing eligibility requirements including maintaining (i) a ratio of total liabilities to tangible net worth of not greater than 1.50 to 1.0 at any time; (ii) limits our losses to a decreasing amount over the next three quarters, with net income after taxes of not less than $1.00 by September 30, 2024; (iii) a rolling four-quarter fixed charge coverage ratio not less than 1.25 to 1.0 as of December 31, 2024 and each quarter thereafter. The Fourth Amendment includes a limitation on the amount of capital expenditures that can be made in a given fiscal year, with such limitation set at $6.5 million, requires us to suspend share repurchase and dividend activity, and includes an availability reserve of 10% that will be in place until we return to profitability. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit bear interest at a fixed or fluctuating interest rate as elected by us from time to time. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit must be paid in full on or before the maturity date of which remains  May 23, 2025. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fluctuating interest rate may be prepaid at any time without penalty. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fixed interest rate may be prepaid at any time in minimum amounts of $100,000, subject to a prepayment fee equal to the sum of the discounted monthly differences between payment under a fixed rate versus payment under the variable rate for each month from the month of prepayment through the month in which the then applicable fixed rate term matures. There is an unused commitment fee of 0.25% required as part of the line of credit, and an origination fee of 1% which we paid upon execution of the Fourth Amendment.

The Term Note used as part of the purchase consideration of our powder processing and warehouse property in Carlsbad, California referenced above, was for the original principal amount of $10.0 million, and is a seven-year term note with payments fully amortized based on a twenty-five year assumed term. Installment payments under this loan commenced October 1, 2021, and continue through August 1, 2028, with a final installment consisting of all remaining amounts due to be paid in full on September 1, 2028. Amounts outstanding on this note during the term of the agreement bear interest equal to 1.8% above the SOFR rolling 30-day average. In connection with this term loan, we entered into an interest rate swap with Wells Fargo that effectively fixed our interest rate on our term loan at 2.4% for the first three years of the term of the note which expired on September 3, 2024.

Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by our accounts receivable and other rights to payment, general intangibles, inventory, equipment and fixtures. We also have credit approval with Wells Fargo Bank, which allows us to hedge foreign currency exposures up to 30 months in the future. We also have credit approval with Bank of America which allows us to hedge foreign currency exposures up to 24 months in the future.

As of September 30, 2024, we had $9.2 million outstanding under the Term Note used in August 2021 for the purchase of our Carlsbad, California powder processing and warehouse property.

On September 30, 2024, we were not in compliance with the financial covenants related to net income requirements as noted above in item (ii) associated with the Fourth Amendment to our credit facility. In the next two quarters of fiscal 2025, we anticipate we will not be in compliance with the financial covenants associated with the Fourth Amendment to our credit facility related to net income requirements as noted in item (ii) above and the fixed charge coverage ratio as noted in item (iii) above. We have advised the lender and are currently negotiating a potential revised credit facility or waiver. Wells Fargo has advised us that while they consider our request for a waiver or modification, they will not be exercising any of their options pursuant to the Credit Agreement, but they are reserving all of their rights. There can be no assurance we will be able to successfully negotiate a revised credit facility, or what the differences in amount, cost and other factors may be.

As of September 30, 2024, we had $12.5 million of borrowing capacity on our credit facility of which we had outstanding borrowings of $5.4 million.

G. Economic Dependency

We had substantial net sales to certain customers during the periods shown in the following table. The loss of any of these customers, or a significant decline in (i) sales to these customers, (ii) the growth rate of sales to these customers, or (iii) these customers’ ability to make payments when due, each individually could have a material adverse impact on our net sales and net operating results. Net sales to any one customer representing 10% or more of the respective period's consolidated net sales were as follows (in thousands):

Accounts receivable from these customers totaled $10.9 million at September 30, 2024 and $12.3 million at June 30, 2024.

We buy certain products, including beta-alanine, from a limited number of raw material suppliers who meet our quality standards. The loss of any of these suppliers could have a material adverse impact on our net sales and results of operations. Raw material purchases from any one supplier representing 10% or more of the respective period’s total raw material purchases were as follows (dollars in thousands):

H. Segment Information

Our business consists of two segments for financial reporting purposes. The two segments are identified as (i) private-label contract manufacturing, which primarily relates to the provision of private-label contract manufacturing services to companies that market and distribute nutritional supplements and other health care products, and (ii) patent and trademark licensing, which primarily includes direct raw material sales and royalty income from our license and supply agreements associated with the sale and use of beta-alanine under our CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® trademarks and our TriBysn™ tradename

We evaluate performance of these segments based on a number of factors. The primary performance measures for each segment are net sales and income or loss from operations before the allocation of certain corporate level expenses. Operating income or loss for each segment does not include corporate general and administrative expenses, interest expense and other miscellaneous income and expense items. Corporate general and administrative expenses include, but are not limited to human resources, corporate legal, finance, information technology, and other corporate level related expenses, which are not allocated to any segment. Transfers of raw materials between segments are recorded at cost. The accounting policies of our segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note A above and in the consolidated financial statements included in our 2024 Annual Report.

Our operating results by business segment were as follows (in thousands):

Our private-label contract manufacturing products are sold both in the U.S. and in markets outside the U.S., including Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, and Asia. Our primary markets outside the U.S. are Europe and Asia. Our patent and trademark licensing activities are primarily based in the U.S.

Net sales by geographic region, based on the customers’ location, were as follows (in thousands):

Products manufactured by our Swiss subsidiary ("NAIE") accounted for 81% of net sales in markets outside the U.S. for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Products manufactured by NAIE accounted for 89% of net sales in markets outside the U.S. for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Long-lived assets by geographic region, based on the location of the company's facilities at which they were located or made, were as follows (in thousands):

Total assets by geographic region, based on the location of the company's facilities at which they were located or made, were as follows (in thousands):

Capital expenditures by geographic region, based on the location of the company's facilities at which they were located or made, were as follows (in thousands):

I. Income Taxes

To determine our quarterly provision for income taxes, we use an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income (or loss), statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions to which we are subject. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rate from quarter to quarter. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, as an income tax expense.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was 17.9%, and our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was 21.4%. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 differs from the fiscal 2024 U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the Global Intangible Low-taxed Income (GILTI) and forecasted research and development tax credits.

We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount we believe is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, there was no change to our valuation allowance for our deferred tax assets.

J. Treasury Stock

At times we purchase our shares under a stock repurchase plan (“Repurchase Plan”) authorized by the Board of Directors. The current total authorized repurchase amount is $18.0 million and as of September 30, 2024, we had approximately $716,000 remaining available under the Repurchase Plan. Under the Repurchase Plan, we may, from time to time, purchase shares of our common stock, depending upon certain market conditions, in open market or privately negotiated transactions. The Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo effective February 13, 2024, currently prohibits most stock repurchases (see Note F). Until that restriction is modified or removed, we do not intend to purchase our shares other than our longstanding practice of purchasing shares from our employees in exchange for paying the employees’ withholding requirements upon vesting of restricted stock held by the employee. This practice of covering withholding requirements is provided in the Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo.

Stock repurchases for the three months ended September 30, 2024, were as follows:

There were no stock repurchases during the three months ended  September 30, 2023.

Shares acquired from employees for restricted stock vesting may be returned to us by the related employees and in return we pay each employee’s required tax withholding resulting from the vesting of restricted shares. The valuation of the shares acquired and thereby the number of shares returned to us is calculated based on the closing share price on the date the shares vested.

K. Derivatives and Hedging

We are exposed to gains and losses resulting from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relating to forecasted product sales denominated in foreign currencies and to other transactions of NAIE, our foreign subsidiary. As part of our overall strategy to manage the level of exposure to the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, we may use foreign exchange contracts in the form of forward contracts. To the extent we enter into such contracts, there can be no guarantee any such contracts will be effective hedges against our foreign currency exchange risk.

As of September 30, 2024, we had forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges primarily to protect against the foreign exchange risks inherent in our forecasted sales of products at prices denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. These contracts are expected to be settled through September 2025. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, we record the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative in accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and subsequently reclassify these amounts into earnings in the period during which the hedged sales of products are recognized.

For foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges, hedge effectiveness is measured using the spot rate. Changes in the spot-forward differential are excluded from the test of hedge effectiveness and are recorded currently in earnings as revenue. We measure effectiveness by comparing the cumulative change in the hedge contract with the cumulative change in the hedged item. No hedging relationships were terminated as a result of ineffective hedging for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and September 30, 2023.

We monitor the probability of forecasted transactions as part of the hedge effectiveness testing on a quarterly basis. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, and September 30, 2023, we did not have any losses or gains related to the ineffective portion of our hedging instruments.

As of September 30, 2024, the notional amounts of our foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges were approximately $25.3 million (EUR 23.0 million). As of September 30, 2024, a net loss of approximately $0.5 million, offset by approximately $0.1 million of a deferred tax expense, related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges was recorded in OCI. It is expected that the entire amount will be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months along with the earnings effects of the related forecasted transactions.

For foreign currency contracts not designated as cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of the hedge are recorded directly to foreign exchange gain or loss in other income in an effort to offset the change in valuation of the underlying hedged item. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we entered into forward contracts in order to hedge foreign exchange risk associated with our lease liability at NAIE, which is denominated in Swiss Francs (CHF). As of September 30, 2024, the notional amounts of our foreign exchange contracts not designated as cash flow hedges were approximately $12.2 million (CHF 10.3 million).

We are exposed to interest rate fluctuations related to our $10.0 million Term Note with Wells Fargo, which carries a variable interest rate of 1.80% above the SOFR rolling 30-day average. To manage our exposure to this variable rate, on August 23, 2021, we entered into a floored interest rate swap that fixed our all-in rate on this loan to 2.4% for the first three years of the term loan. Fluctuations in the relation of our contractual swap rate to current market rates are recorded as an asset or liability with an offset to OCI at the end of each reporting period. Interest expense is adjusted for the difference between the actual SOFR spread and the swap contractual rate such that our effective interest expense for each period is equal to our hedged rate of 2.4%. This interest rate swap contract expired on September 3, 2024.

L. Contingencies

From time to time, we become involved in various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. These matters may relate to product liability, employment, intellectual property, regulatory, contract or other matters. The resolution of these matters as they arise may be subject to various uncertainties and, even if such claims are without merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. While unfavorable outcomes are possible, based on available information, we currently do not believe the resolution of these matters will result in a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, or results of operations. However, a settlement payment or unfavorable outcome could be greater than we currently anticipate and if so, could adversely impact our results of operations. Our evaluation of the likely impact of these actions could change in the future, and we could have unfavorable outcomes we do not expect.

Israel-Hamas War and Hezbollah Conflict

In October 2023, armed conflict escalated between Israel and Hamas. Subsequently Israel has been in an armed conflict with Hezbollah in Lebanon. Management is monitoring the conflict in Israel, Lebanon and Gaza and any broader economic effects from the crisis. Israel accounts for a small portion of our global net sales, but we also source multiple raw materials that come from Israel. While we do not anticipate this conflict will have a significant impact on our net sales, we are currently communicating with the customers and suppliers that may be impacted by this conflict, and we are evaluating options for alternative ingredient sources and/or holding safety stock of impacted materials to limit the effect this conflict may have on our ability to obtain the ingredients sourced from this region. There are further concerns regarding consumer purchasing and consumption behavior, increases in global shipping expenses, greater volatility in foreign exchange and interest rates, and other unforeseen business disruptions due to the current global geopolitical tensions, including and relating to this conflict between Israel, Hezbollah, and Hamas, and the continued conflict in Ukraine. We will continue to evaluate impacts of these conflicts on our customers, suppliers, employees, and operations.